Major Constituents:
monoterpenes: a-pinene , camphene, b-pinene,
myrcene, limonene, b-phellandrene.
sesquiterpenes: cyclosativene, sesquithujene, b-ylangene, b-elemene,
trans-b-farnesene, b-caryophyllene, cis-g-bisabolene, zingiberene, b-sesquiphellandrene.
alcohols: 2-butanol, 2-methyl-but-3-en-2-ol, citronellol, zingerenol, b-eudesmol.
aldehydes: butanal, 2-methyl-butanal, pentanal, citronellal, neral, geranial.
ketones: acetone, gingerone, cryptone, carvotanacetone.
oxides: cineole

Traditional Uses: analgesic, antiemetic, antioxidant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antitussive, aperitif, aphrodisiac, bactericidal, cephalic, diaphoretic, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic (digestive stomachic, carminative; sexual aphrodisiac)

Skin: bruises, sores, carbuncles; regulates moisture (? NEF rubefacient)

Respiratory: catarrh, chronic bronchitis, congestion, cough, sinusitis, sore throat, tonsillitis,swollen glands (MDR), dries excess mucous.

Muscular/Skeletal: arthritis, fatigue, muscle aches and pains, injury, sprains, strains (lower back); aids rheumatism pain

Cardio-vascular/ Lymphatic: poor circulation, varicose veins; eases angina (MDR)

Immune: chills, colds, flu, fever, infectious disease-raises body temperature.

Digestive: toothache, meteorism, gas in abdomen, diarrhea, colic, cramp, loss of appetite, flatulence, constipation, indigestion, travel sickness, nausea, vomiting, anorexia (MDR), hangover, may lower high cholesteral (?)

Genito-Urinary/ Reproductive: regulates menstruation when affected by colds, breaks down clots after childbirth (? possible root or Chinese medicine), aids impotence and frigidity.

Nervous Brain/ Mind: debility, nervous exhaustion, tiredness, stimulant but grounding, aids memory, warms cold, flat emotions, sharpens senses (psychic sponge) use for over sensitivity, protection.

Emotional/Energetic: Fiery and dynamic, it activates willpower, and restores determination. Indicated for those who lake personal drive to make real their dreams.

Blends well with: Atlas cedarwood, black pepper, cinnamon, frankincense, lemon, nutmeg, rosemary, peppermint, tangerine and tea tree.

Satety Data: tested at low doses, non –toxic, possible irritant on sensitive skin, cross allergenic reactions possible with Peru balsam sensitivity; greater caution with CO2, oleoresins, absolutes in high concentration may irritate sensitive skin; appears slightly photo toxic.

SOURCES:
Sheppard-Hanger Sylla, THE AROMATHERAPY PRACTITIONER REFERENCE MANUAL, Tampa, 1998
Mojay, Gabriel, Aromatherapy for Healing the Spirit, London, 1996
Battaglia, Salvatore, The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy, Brisbane, 1997

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