Major Constituents:
monoterpenes: a & B pinenes, limonene
sesquiterpene : longifolene
alcohols: borneol, a-cadinol, muurolols
esters: bornyl acetate

Traditional Uses: antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antifungal, anti-viral, bactericidal-large spectrum(most germs, E.coli), balsamic, choleretic, deodorant, decongestant, diuretic, expectorant, hypertensive (MDR), antidiabetic(?), cortisone-like, insecticidal, restorative, rubefacient, sudorific, tonic-stimulant

Skin: Boils, cuts, fleas, sores, eczema, psoriasis, ringworm, scabies, lice, congested skin, purifies skin esp. grey, oxygen poor skin (smoker’s skin)

Respiratory: asthma, eases breathing, catarrh, laryngitis, stimulates and purifies respiratory tract, increasing CO2 discharge; best used as inhalation, increases secretion of mucus membrane of lungs, bronchitis, sore throat, sinusitis

Muscular/Skeletal: joint/muscular aches and pains, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, sciatica, edema-simple water retention, rheumatism

Cardio-vascular/ Lymphatic: circulatory stimulant

Immune: immune stimulant, warms and cools fevers, colds, flu; modulates inflammatory and allergic processes, aids severe infection

Digestive: hepatitis (MDR), inflamed gallbladder(MDR), stimulates metabolism, intestinal disturbances

Endocrine: supports thyroid (?MDR) ,aids diabetes(?MDR), stimulates adrenal

Genito-Urinary/ Reproductive: urinary infection, inflamed and congested uterus, prostate problems, cystitis

Nervous Brain/ Mind: fatigue, nervous tension, stress related disorders, debility and neuralgia

Emotional/Energetic: Pine oil opens the chest, instills positivity and helps to restore self-confidence, disperses melancholy, reawakens our connection to life

Blends well with: cedarwood, cinnamon, clove, cypress, eucalyptus, lavender, niaouli, peppermint, rosemary, thyme, tea tree

Satety Data: non-toxic, non-irritant

SOURCES:
Sheppard-Hanger Sylla, THE AROMATHERAPY PRACTITIONER REFERENCE MANUAL, Tampa, 1998
Mojay, Gabriel, Aromatherapy for Healing the Spirit, London, 1996
Battaglia, Salvatore, The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy, Brisbane, 1997

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